Demographics of the world

Demographics of Earth
Population pyramid of the world in 2022 by the UN
Population	Over 8,000,000,000 (estimated)
Fertility rate	2.27 (2021)

Earth has a human population of over 8 billion as of 2024, with an overall population density of 50 people per km² (130 per sq. mile). Nearly 60% of the world's population lives in Asia, with almost 2.8 billion in the countries of China and India combined. The percentage shares of China, India and rest of South Asia of the world population have remained at similar levels for the last few thousand years of recorded history.^[1][2] The world's literacy rate has increased dramatically in the last 40 years, from 66.7% in 1979 to 86.3% today.^[3] Lower literacy levels are mostly attributable to poverty.^{[citation needed]} Lower literacy rates are found mostly in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa.^[4]

The world's population is predominantly urban and suburban,^[5] and there has been significant migration toward cities and urban centres. The urban population jumped from 29% in 1950 to 55.3% in 2018.^[6][7] Interpolating from the United Nations prediction that the world will be 51.3 percent urban by 2010, Ron Wimberley, Libby Morris and Gregory Fulkerson estimated 23 May 2007 would have been the first time the urban population was more populous than the rural population in history.^[8] India and China are the most populous countries,^[9] as the birth rate has consistently dropped in wealthy countries and until recently remained high in poorer countries. Tokyo is the largest urban agglomeration in the world.^[7]

As of 2021, the total fertility rate of the world is estimated at 2.32^[10] children per woman, which is slightly below the global average for the replacement fertility rate of approximately 2.33 (as of 2003),^[11] which would mean the world's population is declining. However, world population growth is unevenly distributed, with the total fertility rate ranging from one of the world's lowest 0.83 in Singapore, to the highest, 6.49 in Niger.^[12] The United Nations estimated an annual population increase of 1.14% for the year of 2000.^[13] The current world population growth is approximately 1.09%.^[7] People under 15 years of age made up over a quarter of the world population (25.18%), and people age 65 and over made up nearly ten percent (9.69%) in 2021.^[7]

The world population more than tripled during the 20th century from about 1.65 billion in 1900 to 5.97 billion in 1999.^[14][15][16] It reached the 2 billion mark in 1927, the 3 billion mark in 1960, 4 billion in 1974, and 5 billion in 1987.^[17] The overall population of the world is approximately 8 billion as of November 2022. Currently, population growth is fastest among low wealth, least developed countries.^[18] The UN projects a world population of 9.15 billion in 2050, a 32.7% increase from 6.89 billion in 2010.^[14]